Code
np_data <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/melaniewalsh/responsible-datasets-in-context/main/datasets/national-parks/US-National-Parks_RecreationVisits_1979-2024.csv", stringsAsFactors = FALSE)These exercises use National Park visitation data from 1979–2024. For more context about the dataset, see the data essay.
Concepts covered:
- Groupby with
group_by()andsummarize() - Aggregation (mean, distinct count)
- Descriptive statistics by category
Load the data
Load dplyr library
Code
library("dplyr")
Attaching package: 'dplyr'The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
filter, lagThe following objects are masked from 'package:base':
intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionExercise 1
What is the average number of visits for each state?
Save as avg_state_visits and then view the resulting dataframe.
Code
avg_state_visits <- np_data %>%
group_by(State) %>%
summarize(avg_visits = mean(RecreationVisits))
avg_state_visitsWarning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
See help("Deprecated")| State | avg_visits |
|---|---|
| AK | 141981.41 |
| AR | 1432560.80 |
| AS | 15318.90 |
| AZ | 1862047.56 |
| CA | 997825.65 |
| CO | 1061889.29 |
| FL | 478091.75 |
| HI | 1295476.11 |
| IN | 1871785.65 |
| KY | 1281422.61 |
| ME | 3001627.15 |
| MI | 20314.13 |
| MN | 221786.91 |
| MO | 2419498.65 |
| MT | 2095725.43 |
| ND | 536510.04 |
| NM | 544280.96 |
| NV | 86826.70 |
| OH | 2211137.70 |
| OR | 486658.50 |
| SC | 103145.77 |
| SD | 817187.05 |
| TN | 9822658.33 |
| TX | 254589.66 |
| UT | 1185454.81 |
| VA | 1524167.30 |
| VI | 551687.93 |
| WA | 1502220.45 |
| WV | 1055088.56 |
| WY | 2821490.58 |
Discuss/consider: What state has the most and least average visits? What patterns or surprises do you notice?
Exercise 2
What is the average number of visits for each National Park?
Save as avg_park_visits and then view the resulting dataframe.
Code
avg_park_visits <- np_data %>%
group_by(ParkName, State) %>%
summarize(avg_visits = mean(RecreationVisits))`summarise()` has grouped output by 'ParkName'. You can override using the
`.groups` argument.Code
avg_park_visitsWarning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
See help("Deprecated")| ParkName | State | avg_visits |
|---|---|---|
| Acadia NP | ME | 3001627.152 |
| Arches NP | UT | 894382.891 |
| Badlands NP | SD | 1022875.587 |
| Big Bend NP | TX | 326903.348 |
| Biscayne NP | FL | 463649.000 |
| Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP | CO | 245845.543 |
| Bryce Canyon NP | UT | 1233760.565 |
| Canyonlands NP | UT | 419784.978 |
| Capitol Reef NP | UT | 682313.717 |
| Carlsbad Caverns NP | NM | 538724.478 |
| Channel Islands NP | CA | 312260.283 |
| Congaree NP | SC | 103145.775 |
| Crater Lake NP | OR | 486658.500 |
| Cuyahoga Valley NP | OH | 2211137.696 |
| Death Valley NP | CA | 948566.935 |
| Denali NP & PRES | AK | 431212.674 |
| Dry Tortugas NP | FL | 47996.500 |
| Everglades NP | FL | 922629.739 |
| Gates of the Arctic NP & PRES | AK | 6970.744 |
| Gateway Arch NP | MO | 2419498.652 |
| Glacier Bay NP & PRES | AK | 334073.783 |
| Glacier NP | MT | 2095725.435 |
| Grand Canyon NP | AZ | 4161919.826 |
| Grand Teton NP | WY | 2509523.935 |
| Great Basin NP | NV | 86826.696 |
| Great Sand Dunes NP & PRES | CO | 298985.522 |
| Great Smoky Mountains NP | TN | 9822658.326 |
| Guadalupe Mountains NP | TX | 182275.978 |
| Haleakala NP | HI | 1179257.522 |
| Hawaii Volcanoes NP | HI | 1411694.696 |
| Hot Springs NP | AR | 1432560.804 |
| Indiana Dunes NP | IN | 1871785.652 |
| Isle Royale NP | MI | 20314.130 |
| Joshua Tree NP | CA | 1482932.804 |
| Katmai NP & PRES | AK | 40159.844 |
| Kenai Fjords NP | AK | 227288.558 |
| Kings Canyon NP | CA | 685076.304 |
| Kobuk Valley NP | AK | 6450.163 |
| Lake Clark NP & PRES | AK | 11510.023 |
| Lassen Volcanic NP | CA | 418994.109 |
| Mammoth Cave NP | KY | 1281422.609 |
| Mesa Verde NP | CO | 565156.891 |
| Mount Rainier NP | WA | 1307281.891 |
| National Park of American Samoa | AS | 15318.905 |
| New River Gorge NP & PRES | WV | 1055088.561 |
| North Cascades NP | WA | 195927.848 |
| Olympic NP | WA | 3003451.609 |
| Petrified Forest NP | AZ | 694281.109 |
| Pinnacles NP | CA | 200763.761 |
| Redwood NP | CA | 448139.022 |
| Rocky Mountain NP | CO | 3137569.196 |
| Saguaro NP | AZ | 729941.739 |
| Sequoia NP | CA | 1009114.478 |
| Shenandoah NP | VA | 1524167.304 |
| Theodore Roosevelt NP | ND | 536510.043 |
| Virgin Islands NP | VI | 551687.935 |
| Voyageurs NP | MN | 221786.913 |
| White Sands NP | NM | 549837.435 |
| Wind Cave NP | SD | 611498.522 |
| Wrangell-St. Elias NP & PRES | AK | 49340.628 |
| Yellowstone NP | WY | 3133457.217 |
| Yosemite NP | CA | 3474583.130 |
| Zion NP | UT | 2697031.913 |
Discuss/consider: Which National Park has the most and least average visits? What patterns or surprises do you notice?
Exercise 3:
How many National Parks are there in each state?
Save your answer as distinct_parks.
Code
distinct_parks <- np_data %>%
group_by(State) %>%
summarize(num_parks = n_distinct(ParkName))
distinct_parksWarning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
See help("Deprecated")| State | num_parks |
|---|---|
| AK | 8 |
| AR | 1 |
| AS | 1 |
| AZ | 3 |
| CA | 9 |
| CO | 4 |
| FL | 3 |
| HI | 2 |
| IN | 1 |
| KY | 1 |
| ME | 1 |
| MI | 1 |
| MN | 1 |
| MO | 1 |
| MT | 1 |
| ND | 1 |
| NM | 2 |
| NV | 1 |
| OH | 1 |
| OR | 1 |
| SC | 1 |
| SD | 2 |
| TN | 1 |
| TX | 2 |
| UT | 5 |
| VA | 1 |
| VI | 1 |
| WA | 3 |
| WV | 1 |
| WY | 2 |
Discuss/consider: What state has the most and least average visits? What patterns or surprises do you notice?